Travel & tourism in Kaziranga. Get information about KAZIRANGA Wildlife Reserve
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Travel & tourism in Kaziranga. Get information about KAZIRANGA Wildlife Reserve |
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ATTRACTIONS Wetlands, grasslands, forests and riverine habitats fed by the Brahmaputra River... Kaziranga has them all. "No one can enter the place. It is all swamps and leeches and even elephants cannot go there," was the response of a British forest officer in 1930 to the famous naturalist E P Gee, author of Wildlife of India, who had requested permission to visit Kaziranga. Today, Kaziranga is a World Heritage Site and is probably one of the richest, most picturesque wildlife habitats of southern Asia. Home to the world's largest Asiatic one-horned rhinoceros (population above 1,000), Kaziranga harbours at least 15 mammals listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, including elephants, wild buffalo and tigers. The Brahmaputra River (that originates in China and ultimately flows into the Bay of Bengal through Bangladesh) is visible from the northern boundary of the park and stretches like an open sea, large and powerful. Kaziranga's ecosystems, comprising wetlands, alluvial grasslands, and wet tropical evergreen forests, literally burst with life. The phenomenon of annual flooding, which takes place when the Brahmaputra breaks its banks during each monsoon season, has been taking a vicious toll of wildlife in recent years of upstream deforestation... but flooding per se is not bad (75 per cent of the land is normally flooded) as it brings in life-giving alluvial silt, a key reason why Kaziranga is such a bio-rich habitat Terrain Situated in Nagaon and Golaghat districts of Assam on the southern bank of the Brahmaputra, Kaziranga lies at the foot of the Mikir Hills that rise to a height of 1,220 m, some eight km from Bokakhat. The arterial National Highway No 37 forms the southern boundary of the 428 sq km park (proposals to double the area are pending). The Mora Diphlu, Bhengra and the Diphlu rivers flow through the park together with countless smaller streams that feed the many bheels (lakes) that dot the park. Tall dense grasslands, typical of the floodplains of the Brahmaputra, carpet almost half the park area and are interspersed with open forests. The streams and numerous small bheels that form when the floods recede constitute an interconnected riverine habitat. The hills have always offered refuge to the animals from floods, but in recent years human settlements have prevented such escape. Visitors who choose to explore all three of Kaziranga's distinctive habitats in the Western, Central and Eastern Ranges can sample the flavour of this world-famous rhino refuge in a matter of two days. To really savour the wilderness, of course, you would be advised to stay longer. History Kaziranga was originally established as a reserve forest in 1908. It became a game sanctuary in 1916 and a favourite haunt for poachers and hunters alike. In response to outcries that the rhino was headed for extinction, hunting was banned and Kaziranga was declared a forest reserve (230 sq km) and then a wildlife sanctuary in 1926. It opened to visitors in 1938 thanks to the initiative of A J W Milroy, Chief Conservator, who put an end to much of the poaching. In the 1950s large tracts of tropical forest were cleared for the tea industry and with it came more people. Much of the wild habitat of Assam was consequently lost to human settlement and their attendant ills (poaching is still a major problem). In 1954, the rhino was given legal protection through the Assam (Rhinoceros) Bill that laid down heavy penalties for killing the pachyderms. Kaziranga was declared a National Park in 1974 and the original core area of 428 sq km was declared a World Heritage Site in December 1985. It is here that the one-horned rhino is making its main stand, though populations are thinly represented in other states including Jaldapara in West Bengal and the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve in Uttar Pradesh (where they were reintroduced). Legand The Brahmaputra is said to be the only 'male' river in India, so named because he is considered to be the son of Brahma (putra means son), the Creator of the Universe. Some people now suggest that the river is behaving like Shiva (The Destroyer) on account of its penchant to send down devastating floods. |
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